Coffee, tea, and herbal tea maker

ABSTRACT

A device for brewing hot beverages, such as coffee, tea, herbal tea, comprises a lower container for receiving water, an upper container for receiving brewed beverages, and a grounds holder assembly with an injector differential system, into which coffee grounds, tea leaves and herbs are placed. The grounds are subjected to high temperature water and steam, to extract essences and produce a beverage, such as espresso coffee, tea, chamomille and others. The injector differential system has an injector nozzle and a floating piston in the lower portion of the stem. Pressurized hot water and steam from the lower container flow through the injector nozzle, lifting floating piston, at predermined high temperature and pressure, through the holes of lower perforated plate, and then into the grounds for brewing process. The water and steam extract of the grounds pass through inverted funnel and it is collected into the upper cylindrical container.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] This invention relates to devices used for making hot beverages from organic substances, such as ground coffee beans, tea leaves, and herbs in general requiring high temperature and pressure.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Many prior art of coffee and tea makers are available. There has been a myriad of different type of coffee, tea, and herbs makers throughout the last two centuries, all of which differ from the present invention.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The objects of the instant invention are:

[0004] (a) to provide a simple device to extract essences from the coffee grounds, tea and herbs in a quick and efficient method, producing espresso and other varieties of coffee and tea beverages with outstanding flavor;

[0005] (b) to provide a coffee and tea maker that requires lesser amount of grounds providing the same or improved brew strength;

[0006] (c) to provide a stove top coffee and tea maker which permits the home maker to make espresso coffee, tea, and other herbs without the requirement for an expensive commercial machine;

[0007] (d) to provide a coffee and tea maker which can be used easily and conveniently for commercial use; Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the insuing description and drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The improved maker for coffee, tea and herbal tea detailed herein has four components, comprising an upper brewed coffee or tea container, a lower water heating container, a coffee or tea brewing assembly which includes a coffee or tea holder having a stem into the lower container, an injector assembly which includes an injector nozzle and an injector floating piston, nested into the lower end of the stem. The four components are threadably assembled into a hermetically sealed unit. In practice, the water heated in the lower container, generating steam, passes through the injector nozzle orifice and forces the injector floating piston upwards, at a predetermined pressure and temperature, which opens the orifice of the injector nozzle, allowing the heated water and steam to flow into the grounds, at a pulsating cycle, extracting coffee and tea essences of outstanding flavor.

[0009] The invention simplifies the manufacture of a maker for coffee, tea and herbs, and improves the process. (The term “grounds” in the foregoing text is used for simplicity and it is intended to encompass the processing of coffee grounds, tea leaves, herbs and so forth).

[0010] The foregoing and other objects, feature and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011]FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating the components embodying the invention.

[0012]FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating the components with the injector floating piston in the up position.

[0013]FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the injector floating piston.

[0014]FIG. 4 is a top view of the injector nozzle.

[0015]FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the nominal theoretical pressure and temperature as function of nozzle orifice diameter, at constant mass of injector floating piston.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The inventive system comprises an injector nozzle and an injector floating piston located at the bottom of the stem of the grounds holder of a coffee, tea and herbal tea maker or similar type grounds.

[0017]FIG. 1 shows a coffee and tea maker 20 for brewing coffee of different type and teas, which includes a lower cylindrical container having a larger diameter at the bottom 1 for heat efficiency, an upper cylindrical container assembly 2, a grounds holder assembly 3 having a stem 18 nested into the lower cylindrical container 1, an injector floating piston 4, an injector nozzle 5 having an orifice 6, nested into the stem 18, upper and lower perforated plates 7 and 8 respectively located in the upper cylindrical container 2, and in the ground holder assembly 3, a gasket 11 of heat, hot water and steam resistant elastomeric material is nested in the upper cylindrical container 2 to seal the lower container 1 to allow it to be pressurized. The injector floating piston 4, having a diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the stem 18, can slide freely up and down into said stem. The injector nozzle 5 is centered and pressed into the lower portion of stem 18, for the water and steam to pass only through orifice 6.

[0018] The upper cylindrical container assembly 2 is composed of a lid 21, a handle 23, an inverted funnel 15, having at its upper end a cap 22 which forces the flow of fluid and steam to go downwards into the lower portion of the upper cylindrical container assembly 2, FIG. 2.

[0019] The upper flat surface of the injector nozzle 5, FIG. 4, is finished to a surface texture of 8 microinches, or finer, to allow the lower flat surface of the floating piston 4, FIG. 3, also finished to a surface of 8 microinches, or finer, to close the orifice 6 of the injector nozzle 5; both injector nozzle 5 and injector floating piston 4 are made of metal, preferably of stainless steel, which is preferable,also, for all the other componennts, except where noted.

[0020]FIG. 1 and 2, illustrate the position of the injector floating piston during the brewing cycle, FIG. 1 at the beginning of the cycle, and FIG. 2 in the up or open position; FIG. 5 shows the nominal, theoretical pressure/temperature-orifice diameter curve which characterizes the injector nozzle-floating piston assembly of the brewer.

[0021] In accordance with the principle of this invention, the lower cylindrical container 1 is filled with water 12, for example about 150-200 ml, up to the relief valve 13 set at 4.2 kg/cm2 (60 psi=414 kPa) maximum pressure. Ground assembly 3, with injector nozzle 5 and injector floating piston 4, is positioned in the lower container 1, the grounds chamber 9 is filled partially or fully filled with grounds, whether coffee, tea or herbal tea. The upper container 2 is threadably engaged onto the lower container 1 and tightned to form a hermetic seal. The diameter of the injector nozzle orifice can vary, for practical purposes, from 0.8 to 1.0 mm (0.032-0.039 inch), the length of the orifice is 1.5 to 2.0 times the diameter of the orifice.

[0022] The coffee and tea maker 20 is heated on a burner, or other heating element, as steam 14 develops, hot water 12 is pushed down and forced to enter injector nozzle 5 at the lower end, which stands off 1.0 mm from the bottom of the lower container 1, allowing sufficient clearance for the water and steam to enter through orifice 6 forcing upwards floating piston 4, resting on top of upper flat surface of nozzle. When the differential pressure between the lower container 1 and the section above the upper surface of injector nozzle 5 reaches a predetermined value or setting, the floating piston 4, for example weighing 12,1 gr, is raised at 2.46 kg/cm2 (35 psi=240 kPa) nominal with the injector nozzle orifice 6 having a diameter of 0.8 mm (0.032 inch), at a temperature of 140° C. (282° F.), allowing the hot water and steam to pass through stem 18 and then through the grounds 10 in chamber 9. As the water and steam passes through the orifice 6, floating piston 4 is pushed up against lower perforated plate 8, at a velocity being a function of the heat rate in the lower container (theoretically this instantaneous velocity, at its peak, is approximately 20 m/s), then falls downwards onto the upper flat surface of nozzle 5, thus closing the orifice 6, due to its mass of inertia and to the force of reaction of impact on the lower surface of the lower perforated plate 8, which does not experience, for practical purpose, deformation, therefore no kinetic energy of the floating piston is absorbed and the impact can be considered elastic, the coefficient of restitution is unity and there is no energy loss. The impact is the collision of the floating piston 4 against the lower surface of the lower perforated plate 8, the linear momentum is pratically unchanged. The pressure, a function of the heat rate of the lower container, through the nozzle orifice 6, forces again the floating piston 4, to raise upwards, thus opening the nozzle orifice 6, in an oscillating cycle of opening and closing, similar to the accelerated motion of a pendulum projected on a diameter. The instantaneous oscillating frequency, at its peak, is in the vicinity of 3,000 cycles per second. FIG. 5 illustrates the relationship between the pressure-temperature as a function of the orifice 6 diameter, inversely proportional, at constant mass of floating piston 4. Typically, this pressure ranges between 2.1-3.1 kg/cm2 (30-45 psi =207-310 kPa), with temperature between 120-145° C. (250-293° F.).

[0023] In the invention, the high temperature of water and steam injected into the grounds chamber 9 in “quantum”, at a pulsation rate being a function of the heat rate, is highly effective in extracting from grounds of coffee, tea, herbs and other organic material, a greater quantity of essence per unit of volume or mass than is achieved when greater than atmospheric pressure is not employed. The high temperature of water and steam is relatively constant during the brewing process, it is a function of the injector pulsating system, not a function of volume or mass of grounds compacted in the chamber, therefore variable amounts of grounds can be used which are exposed to equal temperature. To emphasize this concept, considering a system without the described differential injector system, the heated water and steam will flow through the grounds 10 in chamber 9 at 80-90° C. (176-194° F.), at pratically atmospheric pressure, having to overcome only the resistance of grounds, the result being rinsing grounds with heated water.

[0024] The disclosed details are exemplary only and are not to be taken as limitations on this invention, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this invention, but merely providing illustration of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention.

[0025] Thus the scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than the examples given. 

What I claim is:
 1. An improved coffee, tea and herbal tea maker comprising an interlocking assembly of four components, the first of said components being an upper brewed coffee holder, the second of said components being a lower water heating container, the third of said container being a coffee, or tea or herbal tea grounds holder located between said brewed upper grounds holder and said lower water heating container, the fourth component being an injector nozzle with a floating piston, said injector and piston being located within the hollow stem of said grounds holder to form a grounds brewing assembly, the lower surface of said injector floating piston resting on top of said nozzle; said improved grounds maker being formed by threadably assembling said upper brewed grounds holder, said brewed assembly and said lower water heating container to effect an hermetic seal between said components.
 2. The upper brewed grounds holder according to claim 1 comprising a cylindrical outer container, a lid extending over the top of said container, a handle extending from the side of said container, an inverted funnel internally extending from said container base, said inverted funnel having a cap to direct the flow of brewed grounds into the base of said upper brewed ground holder; the outer wall of said cylindrical container extending beyond said container base, the internal portion of said extended outer wall having a groove and threads, said grove adopted to holding an elastomeric gasket, said threads to engage the grounds brewing assembly and cylindrical base.
 3. The water heating container according to claim 1 comprising a cylindrical container, said cylindrical container having a flat base, said flat base being of a larger diameter for heat efficiency to engage a heating element, a cylindrical top, said top having threads extending around said top outer wall, a pressure relief valve being located in and through said cylindrical container wall, said relief valve being set to vent at 4.2 kg/cm2 (60 psi=414 kPa), said threaded cylindrical container top engaging the cylindrical top of the improved grounds holder.
 4. The cylindrical grounds holder according to claim 1 which includes an upper and lower perforated plates, said upper perforated plate acting to confine grounds in said grounds holder, said lower perforated plate acting to support grounds when the grounds brewing assembly is being assembled.
 5. The grounds brewing assembly according to claim 1 comprising a differential injector with a floating piston, said floating piston being free to slide up and down in a hollow stem, said floating piston having the lower flat surface to 8 microinch finish, or finer, said floating piston resting on the upper flat surface of an injector nozzle, said injector nozzle having the upper flat surface to 8 microinch, or finer, said injector nozzle having an orifice, preferably, of 0.8-1.0 mm (0.032-0.039 inch) diameter.
 6. A method of making improved coffee, tea and herbal tea utilizing the improved brewing maker according to claim 1 comprising placing grounds on the lower perforated plate, placing water in the water heating container, placing said from said container's base, said inverted funnel having a cap to direct the flow of brewed grounds into the base of said upper brewed ground holder; the outer wall of said cylindrical container extending beyond said container's base, the internal portion of said extended outer wall having a groove and threads, said grove adopted to holding an elastomeric gasket, said threads to engage the grounds brewing assembly and cylindrical base.
 3. The water heating container according to claim 1 comprising a cylindrical container, said cylindrical container having a flat base, said flat base being of a larger diameter for heat efficiency to engage a heating element, a cylindrical top, said top having threads extending around said top outer wall, a pressure relief valve being located in and through said cylindrical container wall, said relief valve being set to vent at 4.2 kg/cm2 (60 psi=414 kPa), said threaded cylindrical container top engaging the cylindrical top of the improved grounds holder.
 4. The cylindrical grounds holder according to claim 1 which includes an upper and lower perforated plates, said upper perforated plate acting to confine grounds in said grounds holder, said lower perforated plate acting to support grounds when the grounds brewing assembly is being assembled.
 5. The grounds brewing assembly according to claim 1 comprising a differential injector with a floating piston, said floating piston being free to slide up and in a hollow stem, said floating piston having the lower flat surface to 8 microinch finish, or finer, said floating piston resting on the upper flat surface of an injector nozzle, said injector nozzle having the upper flat surface to 8 microinch, or finer, said injector nozzle having an orifice, preferably, of 0.8-1.0 mm (0.032-0.039 inch) diameter.
 6. A method of making improved coffee, tea and herbal tea utilizing the improved brewing maker according to claim 1 comprising placing grounds on the lower perforated plate, placing water in the water heating container, placing said grounds brewing assembly into said water heating container, threadably engaging the brewed grounds container onto said water heating container containing said grounds brewing assembly to effect an hermetic seal between the components forming said improved grounds maker: placing said improved grounds maker containing grounds and water upon a heating element, heating said water in saids container generating steam, said steam and heated water passing through the injector nozzle orifice, said water and steam forcing upwards at predetermined pressure and temperature a floating piston, said floating piston rising, said floating piston allowing passage of water and steam, said floating piston falling downwards blocking the orifice, said floating piston sliding up an down, opening and closing the said orifice, said water and steam passing through the stem within the clearance of said stem and said floating piston, passing through the lower perforated plate, then through said grounds, then through said upper perforated plate, then through the inverted funnel in the base of said brewed grounds container. grounds brewing assembly into said water heating container, threadably engaging the brewed grounds container onto said water heating container containing said grounds brewing assembly, to effect an hermetic seal between the components forming said improved grounds maker: placing said improved grounds maker containing grounds and water upon a heating element, heating said water in said container generating steam, said steam and heated water passing through the injector nozzle orifice, said water and steam forcing upwards at predetermined pressure and temperature a floating piston, said floating piston rising, said floating piston allowing passage of water and steam, said floating piston falling downwards blocking the orifice, said floating piston sliding up an down, opening and closing the said orifice, said water and steam passing through the stem within the clearance of said stem and said floating piston, passing through the lower perforated plate, then through said grounds, then through said upper perforated plate, then through the inverted funnel in the base of said brewed grounds container. 